After the laser ranging technology was discovered and developed, because its measurement accuracy is very high, it has many advantages compared with other traditional ranging technologies, and laser ranging can basically be used in all measurement environments. The method is to use the propagation time of the laser between the target and the transmitter to measure the distance. Because the laser pulse has the advantages of strong directionality and good unidirectionality, the accuracy of laser ranging is much higher than that of traditional ranging instruments. Moreover, the laser range finder has the characteristics of small size and easy adjustment, so the laser range finder is the preferred distance measuring instrument in various fields. Can be used to measure length, distance, speed, etc. This paper introduces the development history of laser ranging and the situation of laser ranging at home and abroad in detail. And designed a pulse laser ranging system based on single chip microcomputer. The system takes the propagation speed of light in the air as the basic condition, and calculates the distance to be measured by measuring the time difference between the laser emission and the received laser reflected by the target object. This paper compares two laser ranging methods. The phase method laser ranging is often used for small distance ranging. This method has the characteristics of high precision and is simpler to design than the pulse method. Pulsed laser ranging is generally used in the field of long-distance ranging. This method has strong anti-interference ability, and the measurement accuracy is higher than other ranging methods. And analyzed the principle of pulse method or continuous wave. The principle of pulsed laser ranging is to transmit a series of narrow light pulses to the target through the laser transmitter, and after the pulses reach the target, they will be diffusely reflected at the target, which can reflect a small amount of energy to the receiving system, and use the measurement of the round-trip time. to measure the distance to the target. The principle of phase method laser ranging is to measure the phase change generated by the continuous modulation signal propagating back and forth between the target and the target, so that the propagation time of the signal can be measured, and the distance can be obtained according to the time. This design introduces the timing principle and working process of the TDC-GP2 chip, and completes the design of each module circuit of the pulsed laser ranging system. And the design scheme of pulsed laser ranging is determined with single chip microcomputer and TDC-GP2 as the core. The system includes a laser transmitting circuit, a laser receiving circuit, a single-chip control circuit, a timing circuit and an LED display circuit. The working process is: the single-chip computer controls the laser to emit the laser, the TDC-GP2 starts timing, and the returned laser signal is converted into an electrical signal through the APD, and then Enter the electrical signal into the TDC-GP2 to trigger the stop timing, use the microcontroller to read the time value in the internal register of the TDC-GP2, and then calculate the accurately measured distance and display it on the LED. This design uses C language to write the control program for the system, and completes the simulation with the circuit. The whole system is centrally controlled by the single chip microcomputer, the principle is simple, the design is reasonable, the repeatability is good, and high measurement accuracy can be achieved
