Several classifications of microscopes
Optical Microscope
A light microscope usually consists of an optical section, an illumination section and a mechanical section. Undoubtedly, the optical part is the most crucial, which consists of eyepieces and objective lenses. As early as 1590, the Dutch and Italian eyeglass makers had already made magnifying instruments similar to microscopes. There are many types of optical microscopes, mainly bright field microscope (ordinary optical microscope), dark field microscope, fluorescence microscope, phase contrast microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, polarising microscope, differential interference difference microscope, inverted microscope.
Electron Microscope
Electron microscope has similar basic structural features with optical microscope, but it has much higher magnification and resolution of objects than optical microscope, it will be electron flow as a new light source, make the object imaging. Since 1938 Ruska invented the first transmission electron microscope to date, in addition to the transmission electron microscope's own performance continues to improve, but also developed a variety of other types of electron microscopes. Such as scanning electron microscopy, analytical electron microscopy, ultra-high voltage electron microscopy and so on. Combined with a variety of electron microscopy sample preparation techniques, the samples can be studied in depth in many aspects of the structure or structure-function relationship. Microscopes are used to observe images of tiny objects. It is commonly used in biology, medicine and observation of tiny particles. Electron microscopes can magnify objects up to 2 million times.
Desktop microscope, mainly refers to the traditional microscope, is pure optical magnification, its magnification is higher, better imaging quality, but generally larger, not easy to move, more used in the laboratory, inconvenient to go out or on-site inspection.
Portable microscope
Portable microscope is mainly an extension of the digital microscope and video microscope series developed in recent years. And traditional optical magnification is different, handheld microscopes are digital magnification, the general pursuit of portable, small and exquisite, easy to carry; and some handheld microscopes have their own screen, can be detached from the computer host independent imaging, easy to operate, but also can be integrated with a number of digital features, such as support for photography, video, or image comparison, measurement and other functions.
Digital LCD microscope, first developed and produced by Boyu, the microscope retains the clarity of the optical microscope, brings together the powerful expansion of the digital microscope, video microscope intuitive display and portable microscope simple and convenient advantages.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Scanning Tunneling Microscope, also known as "Scanning Tunneling Microscope" and "Tunneling Scanning Microscope", is a kind of instrument that probes the surface structure of matter by using the tunnelling effect in quantum theory. It was invented in 1981 by Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM's Zurich Laboratory in Zurich, Switzerland, and the two inventors shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ernst Ruska.
It serves as a scanning probe microscopy tool, the scanning tunnelling microscope allows scientists to observe and localise individual atoms, and it has a much higher resolution than its counterpart, the atomic force microscope. In addition, the scanning tunnelling microscope allows precise manipulation of atoms using the probe tip at low temperatures (4K), making it both an important measurement and processing tool in nanotechnology.
