An introduction to sound level meter microphones
A microphone is a device that converts sound pressure signals into voltage signals. It is also called a microphone. It is the sensor of a sound level meter. Common microphones include crystal, electret, moving coil and condenser.
1) The dynamic microphone is composed of a vibrating diaphragm, a movable coil, a permanent magnet and a transformer. The vibrating diaphragm begins to vibrate after being subjected to sound wave pressure, and drives the movable coil installed with it to vibrate in the magnetic field to generate induced current. This current changes according to the amount of sound wave pressure the vibrating diaphragm is subjected to. The greater the sound pressure, the greater the current generated; the lower the sound pressure, the smaller the current generated.
2) The condenser microphone is mainly composed of a metal diaphragm and closely spaced metal electrodes. It is essentially a flat capacitor. The metal diaphragm and the metal electrode constitute the two plates of the flat capacitor. When the diaphragm is affected by sound pressure, the diaphragm deforms, causing the distance between the two plates to change, thus changing the capacitance. The voltage in the bit measurement circuit also changes, realizing the function of converting the sound pressure signal into a voltage signal. Condenser microphone is an ideal microphone in acoustic measurement. It has the advantages of large dynamic range, flat frequency response, high sensitivity and good stability in general measurement environments, so it is widely used. Since the output impedance of the condenser microphone is very high, impedance conversion needs to be performed through a preamplifier. The preamplifier is installed inside the sound level meter close to where the condenser microphone is installed.
amplifier
Generally, two-stage amplifiers are used, namely input amplifier and output amplifier, whose function is to amplify weak electrical signals. The input attenuator and output attenuator are used to change the attenuation of the input signal and the attenuation of the output signal so that the meter pointer points at the appropriate position. The attenuator adjustment range used by the input amplifier is the low-end measurement range, and the attenuator adjustment range used by the output amplifier is the high-end measurement range. Many sound level meters have a cutoff of 70dB for the high and low ends.
