Detailed explanation of the components of a microscope
Mechanical part
⑴Mirror base: It is the base of the microscope to support the entire mirror body.
⑵ Mirror column: It is the upright part on the mirror base, used to connect the mirror base and the mirror arm.
⑶Mirror arm: One end is connected to the mirror column and the other end is connected to the lens barrel. It is the hand holding part when taking and placing the microscope.
⑷ Lens tube: It is connected to the front and top of the mirror arm. The upper end of the lens barrel is equipped with an eyepiece and the lower end is equipped with an objective lens converter.
⑸Objective lens converter (rotator): It is connected to the bottom of the prism shell and can rotate freely. There are 3-4 round holes on the disk, which are the parts where the objective lens is installed. By rotating the converter, the objective lens of different magnifications can be exchanged. When you hear the collision Observation can only be carried out when tapping. At this time, the optical axis of the objective lens is exactly aligned with the center of the light hole, and the optical path is connected.
⑹Mirror stage (stage): Below the lens barrel, it has two shapes: square and round. It is used to place slide specimens. There is a light hole in the center. The microscope we use has a slide specimen pusher (slide pusher) on the stage. ), there is a spring clip on the left side of the pusher to hold the slide specimen, and there is a pusher adjustment wheel under the stage to move the slide specimen left and right, front and back.
⑺Adjuster: It is a large and small screw mounted on the mirror column. When adjusting, the mirror table moves up and down.
① Coarse adjuster (coarse spiral): The large spiral is called a coarse adjuster. When moving, the stage can be raised and lowered quickly and to a large extent, so the distance between the objective lens and the specimen can be quickly adjusted to bring the object image into the field of view. Usually in When using a low-magnification lens, first use the coarse adjuster to quickly find the object image.
②Fine adjuster (thin spiral): The small spiral is called a fine adjuster. When moving, the stage can be slowly raised and lowered. It is mostly used when using high-power lenses to obtain a clearer object image and to observe different layers and depths of the specimen. Structure.
lighting part
Installed under the mirror table, including reflector and light collector.
⑴Reflector: It is installed on the mirror holder and can be rotated in any direction. It has flat and concave sides. Its function is to reflect the light from the light source to the condenser, and then illuminate the specimen through the light hole. The concave mirror has a strong light gathering effect. , suitable for use when the light is weak. Plane mirrors have a weak light condensing effect and are suitable for use when the light is strong.
⑵The light collector (concentrator) is located on the light collector frame below the stage. It consists of a condenser lens and an aperture. Its function is to concentrate the light on the specimen to be observed.
① Condenser: It consists of one or several lenses, which can condense light, enhance the illumination of specimens, and allow light to enter the objective lens. There is an adjustment screw next to the mirror column. Turning it can raise and lower the condenser to adjust the field of view. The intensity of light brightness.
②Aperture (iridescent aperture): Under the condenser, it is composed of more than a dozen metal sheets. A handle protrudes from the outside. Pushing it can adjust the size of its opening to adjust the amount of light.
Optical part
⑴Eyepiece: It is installed at the upper end of the lens barrel. There are usually 2-3 eyepieces. There are 5×, 10× or 15× symbols engraved on them to indicate their magnification. Generally, a 10× eyepiece is installed.
⑵Objective lens: Mounted on the rotator at the lower end of the lens barrel, there are generally 3-4 objective lenses. The shortest one engraved with the symbol "10×" is a low-power lens, and the longer one engraved with the symbol "40×" is a low-power lens. For high-power lenses, the longest one with the "100×" symbol engraved on it is an oil lens. In addition, a circle of lines of different colors is often added to high-power lenses and oil lenses to show the difference.
The magnification of a microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and the magnification of the eyepiece. For example, if the objective lens is 10× and the eyepiece is 10×, the magnification is 10×10=100.
