The pH value is one of the most important physical and chemical parameters of aqueous solutions. All natural phenomena involving aqueous solutions, chemical changes, and production processes are related to the pH value. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the pH value in the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine, environmental protection, and scientific research.
The pH value of water is the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions in the water, expressed as:
pH=-lg aH+
The pH value is sometimes called the hydrogen ion index. Because the value of the hydrogen ion activity is often very small, it is very inconvenient in application, so the concept of pH value is used as an indicator of the acidity and alkalinity of the aqueous solution. Moreover, the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity can indicate the magnitude of the magnitude of the change in acidity and alkalinity, so it is very convenient to apply, and thus obtain:
⑴Neutral aqueous solution, pH= -lg aH+=-lg10-7=7
⑵ Acidic aqueous solution, pH<7, the smaller the pH value, the stronger the acidity;
⑶ Alkaline aqueous solution, pH>7, the greater the pH value, the stronger the alkalinity.
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