Adjusting the field diaphragm of an optical microscope
Through microscope observation technology, human beings have discovered microbial colonies and single cell shapes that are invisible and intangible to the naked eye. The development of microscope technology has played an even more powerful role in the observation of different cell shapes for human beings. The application of microscope observation technology to the research of higher animals, plants and human cells has promoted the rapid development of cell biology.
Olympus microscopes can be used to observe the cell structure and tissue morphology of microorganisms and higher animals and plants; the inverted basin microscope is used to observe the living cells in culture; the development of phase contrast microscopy technology can observe the state of living cells and unstained tissue sections And stained specimens that lack contrast; the invention of the dark field microscope expands the viewing area of human beings, allowing human beings to see some tiny seedlings and colloidal substances in a single cell that cannot be seen in photopic.
Fluorescence microscopy technology allows humans to discover fluorescent substances in cells, such as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts can fluoresce after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays. Although some substances in cells cannot fluoresce themselves, if they are stained with fluorescent dyes or fluorescent antibodies It can also fluoresce when exposed to external light. The Rongguang display device is one of the tools for qualitative and quantitative research on such substances. A polarizing microscope is used to detect substances with birefringence on the side. , spindle, collagen, chromosome, etc.; laser converging thermal scanning microscope can be used to observe cell morphology, and can also be used for addressing analysis of biochemical components in cells, optical density statistics, and side addressing of cell morphology. Differential interference contrast microscopy (differential interference contrast microscope) to make the structure of the cell. In particular, some larger organelles, such as nucleus, nucleus, etc., have a particularly strong three-dimensional sense and are suitable for micromanipulation. Currently, such as sealant injection, nuclear transfer, and genetic modification The imaging operations such as etc. are often carried out under this microscope. The electron microscope allows human beings to observe non-cellular organisms—viruses, and has developed a variety of electron microscopes with different functions. Such as transmission electron microscopy The microscope is used to observe the submicroscopic structures (submicroscopic structures) or super olive structure of cells. The scanning electron microscope is used to observe the surface structure of the specimen. The scanning Longtong microscope is used to directly observe biological macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA and protein The atomic arrangement of such molecules and some biological structures, such as the atomic arrangement of biological iodine, cell wall, etc., have developed the display operation technology through microscope technology.
Micromanipulation techniques include nuclear transfer, microinjection, chimera technology, embryo transfer, and microdissection. In this research field, scientists from all over the world have achieved fruitful results.
