Detailed Explanation of the Five Major Characteristics of Regulated Power Supplies
1. Low power consumption and high efficiency. In the switching and stabilizing power supply circuit, the transistor V works alternately in the on-off and cut-off conducting switching states under the excitation signal, with a fast conversion speed and a frequency of about 50kHz. In some technologically advanced countries, it can achieve several hundred or nearly 1000kHz. This makes the power consumption of the switching transistor V very small, and the efficiency of the power supply can be greatly improved, with an efficiency of up to 80%
2. Small size and light weight. From the schematic diagram of the switch mode stabilized power supply, it can be clearly seen that no bulky power frequency transformer is used here. Due to the significant reduction in dissipated power on the adjustment tube V, a larger heat sink has been omitted. Due to these two reasons, the size and weight of switch mode stabilized power supplies are small.
3. Wide voltage regulation range. The output voltage of a switch regulated power supply is adjusted by the duty cycle of the excitation signal, and the changes in the input signal voltage can be compensated for by frequency modulation or width modulation. In this way, it can still ensure a relatively stable output voltage when the power grid voltage changes greatly. So the voltage regulation range of switch mode power supplies is very wide and the voltage regulation effect is very good. In addition, there are two methods to change the duty cycle: pulse width modulation and frequency modulation. In this way, switch mode stabilized power supplies not only have the advantage of a wide range of voltage regulation, but also have many methods to achieve voltage regulation. Designers can flexibly choose various types of switch mode stabilized power supplies according to the requirements of practical applications.
4. The efficiency of filtering is greatly improved, resulting in a significant reduction in the capacity and volume of the filtering capacitor. The operating frequency of switch mode stabilized power supplies is currently basically 50kHz, which is 1000 times higher than that of linear stabilized power supplies. This increases the filtering efficiency of rectified power supplies by almost 1000 times. Even by using half wave rectification followed by capacitor filtering, the efficiency has been increased by 500b times. At the same ripple output voltage, when using a switch mode stabilized power supply, the capacity of the filtering capacitor is only 1/500-1/1000 of that in a linear stabilized power supply
5. The circuit forms are flexible and diverse. For example, there are self-excited and separately excited types, width modulation and frequency
modulation types, single ended and double ended types, etc. Designers can leverage the strengths of various types of circuits to design switch mode stabilized power supplies that can meet different application scenarios.
