Inventory of the principles and characteristics of various types of night vision devices
1. Active infrared night vision device.
Principle: The instrument emits infrared beams to irradiate the target, and converts the infrared image reflected by the target into a visible light image for night observation. It is mainly used for night aiming, driving vehicles, and reconnaissance photography.
Features: It is not limited by illumination, and can be observed in total darkness, and the effect is very good, and the price is cheap.
However, the observation distance is short, and it is easy to be discovered by the other party during observation, thereby exposing oneself, and it is rarely used in practice.
Nowadays, it is mainly used for civilian use, and both Bosco and ATN have many products in this area.
Second, low-light night vision device.
Principle: The instrument utilizes natural light such as low-brightness night sky light, star moonlight, atmospheric glow and other natural light reflected by night targets to enhance and magnify it to hundreds of thousands of times, so that it is suitable for reconnaissance, observation, aiming, vehicle driving and other battlefield operations at night with the naked eye. .
Features: Because the low-light night vision device uses night sky light to work, it is a passive way of working, so it can hide itself better, and it is suitable for departments engaged in special work, such as military, criminal investigation, drug collection, private collection, night monitoring, and security. It is the most suitable for applications, etc.
The low-light night vision device has been developed for three generations, and the first generation is a three-stage cascaded low-light night vision device (composed of three 0-generation photocells connected in series). The second-generation micro-channel plate low-light night vision device, the third generation is the |||-V family negative electron affinity photocathode image intensifier low-light night vision device. When the first generation transitioned to the third generation, a super-second-generation photocell was developed, called the second-generation plus, whose technical performance was second only to the third-generation products. If the low-light night vision device is subdivided, it is 0 generation, 1 generation, 2 generation, 2 generation plus, 3 generation, a total of five grades. Low-light night vision devices have been developed to this day. They are relatively mature in technology and have good imaging quality and low cost. Therefore, they will still be a major part of the world's night vision equipment for a considerable period of time in the future. The second-generation plus and third-generation products have the characteristics of small size, light weight, clear image, complete functions, and practicality. It is an indispensable equipment for night work in military, public security, armed police, customs, oil industry, news gathering, tourism, aquaculture, nature lovers, and other industries. However, because its core component, the low-light image intensifier is a high-tech product, the process is particularly complicated, the cost is high, and the price is relatively high. But in terms of cost performance, it is quite good.
3. Thermal Imaging Infrared Instrument
Principle: The thermal imaging infrared instrument is based on the basic principle that all objects above the maximum temperature of zero (-273°C) radiate infrared rays, and uses the difference between the infrared radiation of the target and the background itself to find and identify the target.
Features: Due to the different intensities of infrared radiation of various objects, people, animals, vehicles, aircraft, etc. can be clearly observed, and are not affected by obstacles such as smoke, fog, and trees, and can work both day and night. It is the most advanced night vision observation equipment mastered by human beings. However, due to the high price, it can only be used in medical field at present. However, due to the wide application range of thermal imaging, there are huge markets in electricity, underground pipelines, fire medical treatment, disaster relief, industrial inspection, etc. With the social and economic The development of science and technology, the high technology of infrared thermal imaging will be applied to the private market on a large scale within 20 to 30 years, and make contributions to mankind. At present, the cheapest thermal imaging on the market costs tens of thousands of yuan, let alone good ones. It won't be popular in a short time.
