System structure and structural characteristics of ophthalmic operating microscope
With the continuous progress and development of science, ophthalmic surgery has entered the era of microsurgery. At present, operating microscopes have become a routine medical equipment. Surgical microscopes can generally be divided into four parts: mechanical system, observation system, lighting system, and display system.
1. Mechanical system: High-quality surgical microscopes are generally equipped with complex mechanical systems to fix and manipulate, so as to ensure that the observation and lighting systems can be moved to the necessary positions quickly, freely and flexibly. The mechanical system includes: base, traveling wheels, brakes, main column, rotating arm, cross arm, microscope mounting arm, horizontal X-Y mover and pedal control board, etc. The transverse arm is generally designed into two groups, and the purpose is to enable the observation microscope to move rapidly over the surgical site within the largest possible range. The horizontal X-Y mover can precisely locate the microscope at the desired position. The pedal control board controls the microscope to move up, down, left, and right to adjust the focus, and can also change the zoom-in and zoom-out rate of the microscope. The mechanical system is the skeleton of the surgical microscope and determines the range of motion of the microscope. When in use, ensure the stability of the system.
2. Observation system: The observation system in a general operating microscope is essentially a variable magnification binocular stereo microscope. The observation system includes: objective lens, zoom system, beam splitter, program objective lens, special prism and eyepiece. During surgery, the cooperation of assistants is often required, so the observation system is often designed in the form of two people and two eyes.
3. Illumination system: Microscope illumination can be divided into internal illumination and external illumination. Its function lies in some special needs, such as ophthalmic slit lamp illumination. The illumination system is composed of main lamp, auxiliary lamp, and optical cable. The light source illuminates the object from the side or above the object, and the image is formed by the reflected light entering the objective lens.
4. Display system: With the continuous development of digital technology, the functional development of surgical microscopes is becoming more and more abundant. Some surgical microscopes are equipped with a TV camera monitor and a surgical video system. The operation situation can be directly displayed on the TV or computer monitor, so that many people can observe the operation situation on the monitor at the same time. It is suitable for teaching, scientific research and clinical consultation.
Structural features of the operating microscope
With the continuous development of medical technology, the requirements for surgery are getting higher and higher, with more emphasis on precision and minimal invasiveness. Surgical microscopes are widely used in medical treatment. They are mainly used for fine operations or inspections. At the same time, they can also save video recordings of the operation process, which is convenient for reviewing and archiving previous cases.
Operating microscopes are generally suitable for microsurgery and inspection in stomatology, dentistry, ENT, brain surgery, and neurosurgery. In addition, there are special operating microscopes, such as ophthalmic operating microscopes, dental operating microscopes, etc. In addition to deep cavity observation, the operating microscope can also be used for teaching, photography and video recording.
The binocular tube of the surgical microscope is an optical hinge system, which can generally be tilted within a certain range and can be adjusted arbitrarily with multiple degrees of freedom to provide doctors with a more comfortable surgical position, clear imaging, and a wide field of view. The design requirements of the internal lighting system of the cold light source of the surgical microscope are relatively high, so as to provide ideal illumination for the surgical surface. In order to meet the needs of non-contact measurement, the instrument is generally equipped with a measurement eyepiece.
