Welding knowledge and skills that electronics majors must know!
1. Soldering iron
Hand soldering components is definitely indispensable. Here, I recommend a soldering iron tip with a sharp tip, because when welding a chip with dense pins, it can accurately and conveniently solder one or several pins.
An adjustable constant temperature soldering iron is your best choice (it can be adjusted and stabilized, and there are two types: single-handle temperature-adjustable type and soldering station).
It should be noted that the internal heating type and external heating type above usually do not have a power switch. They heat when plugged in and turn off the power when cooling is needed.
2. Solder wire
Good solder wire is also very important for patch welding. If conditions permit, use thin solder wire as much as possible when welding patch components. This will make it easier to control the amount of tin supplied and avoid the trouble of wasting solder and absorbing tin.
Chinese name: solder wire, solder wire, tin wire, tin wire, English name: solderwire, solder wire is composed of tin alloy and additives. The alloy ingredients are divided into tin-lead and lead-free additives and are evenly poured into the middle of the tin alloy. parts.
Different types of solder wires have different additives. The additives are used to improve the auxiliary heat conduction of the solder wire during the welding process, remove oxidation, reduce the surface tension of the material to be welded, remove oil stains on the surface of the material to be welded, and increase the welding area. The characteristics of solder wire are tin alloy wires with a certain length and diameter. They can be used with soldering irons or lasers in the welding of electronic components.
3. Tweezers
The main function of tweezers is to facilitate picking up and placing chip components. For example, when welding chip resistors, you can use tweezers to clamp the resistors and place them on the circuit board for soldering. The front end of the tweezers needs to be pointed and flat to facilitate the clamping of components. In addition, for some chips that need to be protected from static electricity, anti-static tweezers are needed.
Anti-static tweezers, also called semiconductor tweezers, are conductive tweezers that can prevent static electricity. They are made of a mixture of carbon fiber and special plastic and have good elasticity.
It is light to use and durable, does not shed dust, is acid and alkali resistant, and resistant to high temperatures. It can prevent traditional anti-static tweezers from contaminating products due to carbon black content. It is suitable for the production and use of precision electronic components such as semiconductors and ICs, and its special use.
Anti-static tweezers are made of special conductive plastic materials. They have good elasticity, are light to use and can discharge static electricity. They are suitable for processing and installation of electrostatic-sensitive components.
Surface resistance: 1000KΩ-100000MΩ. Anti-static tweezers are suitable for precision electronic component production, semiconductor and computer head industries.
4. Solder tape
When welding chip components, it is easy to apply too much tin.
Especially when welding dense multi-pin chip chips, it is easy to cause two or even multiple adjacent pins of the chip to be short-circuited by solder. At this time, the traditional solder absorber will not work. At this time, a braided solder absorber tape is needed.
5. Rosin
Rosin is the most commonly used flux during soldering because it can precipitate oxides in the solder, protect the solder from oxidation, and increase the fluidity of the solder.
When welding direct-plug components, if the components are rusty, they must be scraped first, put them on rosin and burn them with a soldering iron, and then tin them. When welding chip components, in addition to the soldering effect, rosin can also be used with copper wire as a soldering tape.
6. Solder paste
When welding iron parts that are difficult to tin, solder paste can be used, which can remove oxides on the metal surface and is corrosive.
7. Heat gun
A hot air gun is a tool that uses hot air blown from its gun core to weld and disassemble components. The process requirements used are relatively high.
Heat guns can be used for everything from removing or installing small components to large integrated circuits. In different occasions, there are special requirements for the temperature and air volume of the hot air gun. If the temperature is too low, the components will be soldered, and if the temperature is too high, the components and circuit boards will be damaged. Excessive air volume will blow away small components. For ordinary patch welding, a hot air gun is not required and will not be described in detail here.
8. Magnifying glass
For some chip chips with extremely small and dense pins, you need to check whether the pins are welded properly and whether there is any short circuit after welding. At this time, it is very laborious to use the human eye, so you can use a magnifying glass to view each one conveniently and reliably. The soldering condition of the pins.
9. Alcohol
When using rosin as a flux, it is easy to leave excess rosin on the circuit board. For the sake of beauty, you can use alcohol cotton balls to clean the areas with residual rosin on the circuit board.
10. In addition to the above mentioned, other common tools required for patch welding include sponges, washing water, hard brushes, glue, etc.
