What are the main areas of application for optical microscopes?
Optical microscope is an old and young scientific tools, from the birth of so far, there have been three hundred years of history optical microscope is very wide range of uses, such as in biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy and so on in some scientific research work are inseparable from the microscope.
At present, almost become the image of science and technology spokesman, you only need to look at the media reports on science and technology frequently appear in its figure, we can see that this statement is not false.
In biology, the laboratory is inseparable from this experimental equipment, which can help learners to study the unknown world; to understand the world.
Hospital is the zui big application place of microscope, mainly used to check the patient's body fluid changes, invasion of human germs, changes in cellular tissue structure and other information, to provide doctors with the development of treatment programs for the reference basis and means of verification, in genetic engineering, microsurgery, microscope is a doctor * tool; agriculture, breeding, pest control and so on can not be separated from the microscope's help; industrial production In industrial production, the processing of fine parts detection and assembly adjustment, the study of material properties is a microscope can show their skills; criminal investigators often rely on microscopes to analyze a variety of microscopic traces of crime, as an important means of determining the real culprits; environmental protection departments to detect a variety of solid pollutants have to help microscopes; geo-mining engineers and cultural relics and archaeologists with the help of microscopes found traces of mineral deposits can be judged deep underground or deduce the dusty history of the past. Or deduce the dusty history of the true image; and even people's daily life can not be separated from the microscope, such as the beauty salon industry, can use the microscope on the skin, hair and other testing, when you can get zui good results. Visible microscope and people's production life is how close.
According to different application purposes, microscopes can be roughly categorized, common biological microscope, metallurgical microscope, stereomicroscope, polarized light microscope and other four categories. As the name suggests, biological microscope is mainly used in biomedical aspects, the observation object is mostly transparent or translucent microsomes; metallurgical microscope is mainly used to observe the surface of opaque objects, such as the metallurgical structure of the material and surface defects; stereomicroscope in the magnification of microscopic objects imaging at the same time, but also to make the object and the image of the human eye with respect to the orientation of the same, and there is a sense of depth, in line with the conventional visual habits of human beings; polarized microscope using different materials to transmit polarized light to the light. Polarizing microscope using different materials to polarized light transmission or reflection characteristics to distinguish between different micro-object components. In addition, it can be subdivided into some special categories, such as inverted biomicroscope or culture microscope is mainly used to observe through the bottom of the culture vessel culture of a biological microscope; fluorescence microscope using certain substances to absorb specific shorter wavelengths of light and emit specific longer wavelengths of light to find the existence of these substances, to determine the content of them; comparative microscopy can be in the same field of view to form the two objects of the Comparison microscope can form two objects in the same field of view of the juxtaposition or overlap images, in order to compare the similarities and differences between the two objects.
The traditional optical microscope is mainly composed of an optical system and a mechanical structure to support them. The optical system consists of an objective lens, an eyepiece and a condenser lens, all of which are complicated magnifying lenses made of various kinds of optical glass. Objective lens will magnify the specimen image, its magnification M object by the following formula: M object = Δ ∕ f 'object, where f 'object is the focal length of the objective lens, Δ can be interpreted as the distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece. The eyepiece will be the image of the objective lens is magnified again, into an imaginary image in front of the human eye 250mm for human observation, which is the majority of people feel zui comfortable observation position, the eyepiece of the magnification of the M eye = 250/f' eye, f' eye is the eyepiece of the focal length. The total magnification of the microscope is the product of the objective lens and the eyepiece, i.e., M = M object * M eye = Δ * 250∕f' eye * f; object. It can be seen that reducing the focal length of the objective lens and the eyepiece will increase the total magnification, which is the key to see bacteria and other microorganisms with a microscope, but also the difference between it and ordinary magnifying glass.
